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della prospettiva: dalla scienza ottica all\u2019architettura moderna"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dall’antichit\u00e0 al contemporaneo, l’evoluzione della prospettiva riflette una storia di scoperte, teorie e rivoluzioni che hanno trasformato l’arte e la percezione spaziale.<\/p>

La prospettiva: un viaggio tra architettura e scienza che ha cambiato il volto della rappresentazione visiva<\/strong><\/h2>
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    \n
  1. Quando nasce il concetto di prospettiva?<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Il “De pictura” di Leon Battista Alberti<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Andrea Mantegna<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Il manierismo<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. I principali tipi di prospettiva<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. La prospettiva in architettura<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Sei un architetto? La tua professione richiede un aggiornamento continuo?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>

    La prospettiva<\/strong>, fondamentale tecnica artistica, consiste nel rappresentare oggetti nello spazio in modo che riproducano sulla retina un’impressione simile a quella reale. In origine, durante l’antichit\u00e0 e il medioevo, il termine “prospettiva” era sinonimo di ottica. \u00c8 solo con il Quattrocento che il concetto si trasforma, assumendo il significato attuale di rappresentazione basata su principi geometrici e scientifici. Nella pittura e nella scultura, le innovazioni portarono a tecniche come la “dissociazione prospettica”, in cui singole unit\u00e0 visive seguono logiche interne senza un’organizzazione spaziale unitaria.<\/p><\/a>

    Quando nasce il concetto di prospettiva?<\/h3>

    Verso la fine del Duecento, figure come Pietro Cavallini e Cimabue introdussero un rinnovato interesse per la prospettiva, unendo una maggiore attenzione alla corporeit\u00e0 degli oggetti con una ricerca spaziale pi\u00f9 complessa. Giotto, nei suoi affreschi di Assisi e Padova, esplor\u00f2 nuove architetture prospettiche, ma mancava ancora un criterio unitario. Con il Quattrocento e il genio di Filippo Brunelleschi, si raggiunse una svolta: il metodo della proiezione centrale consent\u00ec di rappresentare spazi tridimensionali su superfici bidimensionali. Sebbene le sue tavole siano andate perdute, opere come il Battistero e il Palazzo Vecchio di Firenze divennero esempi di questa nuova tecnica.<\/p><\/a>

    Il “De pictura” di Leon Battista Alberti<\/h3>

    Il primo trattato scritto sul tema, il “De pictura” di Leon Battista Alberti, sistematizz\u00f2 queste scoperte. Alberti codific\u00f2 il concetto di punto di fuga, una guida per costruzioni geometriche che influenz\u00f2 profondamente artisti come Masaccio, Donatello e Piero della Francesca. Tuttavia, ci furono voci fuori dal coro: Paolo Uccello prefer\u00ec esplorare una prospettiva di derivazione medievale, raggiungendo risultati di straordinaria complessit\u00e0.<\/p><\/a>

    Andrea Mantegna<\/h3>

    Tra gli innovatori dell’uso illusionistico della prospettiva spicca Andrea Mantegna, celebre per gli affreschi nella Cappella Ovetari e nella Camera degli Sposi, dove alz\u00f2 il punto di fuga per amplificare l’effetto tridimensionale. Con Leonardo da Vinci, la prospettiva si arricch\u00ec ulteriormente: la sua teoria basata su cambiamenti di colore e luce rispetto alla distanza, introdusse il celebre sfumato, influenzando profondamente la pittura tonale.<\/p><\/a>

    Il manierismo<\/h3>

    Nel Cinquecento, il manierismo adott\u00f2 la prospettiva per creare illusioni visive e architetture fantastiche, come dimostrano gli affreschi di Correggio a Parma. Il Seicento e il Settecento videro un uso sempre pi\u00f9 scenografico della prospettiva, mentre l’Ottocento la mantenne come cardine della formazione accademica. Tuttavia, movimenti come il realismo e l’impressionismo iniziarono a metterne in discussione i principi, portando infine il cubismo e l’arte contemporanea a rifiutare del tutto le regole prospettiche tradizionali. Oggi resta un campo di studio per storici e filosofi, affascinati dalle sue implicazioni artistiche e culturali.<\/p><\/a>

    I principali tipi di prospettiva<\/h3>

    Tra le varie tecniche prospettiche, le pi\u00f9 note sono tre: <\/p>